Essential Information – Enhanced Wellness Insights by Forbes Health

**Medications for Anxiety: Understanding Different Classes**

**1. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)**

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs, are a class of anxiety medications that work by increasing levels of serotonin in the brain. By blocking the reabsorption of serotonin into nerve cells, SSRIs allow for more serotonin to be present in the body. This increase in serotonin helps to reduce constant worry and fear associated with generalized anxiety disorder.

It is important to note that the exact mechanisms of SSRIs and the role of serotonin in anxiety and other mental health conditions are not fully understood. However, SSRIs are often considered a first-line treatment for many anxiety disorders due to their tolerability and manageable side effects.

Some common SSRIs include:

– Fluoxetine (Prozac)
– Sertraline (Zoloft)
– Citalopram (Celexa)
– Escitalopram (Lexapro)
– Paroxetine (Paxil)

**2. Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)**

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, or SNRIs, are another class of anxiety medications that work by preventing the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. By increasing the levels of these substances in the brain, SNRIs help regulate mood and the stress response.

Some initial side effects of SNRIs may include increased anxiety, insomnia, restlessness, potential sexual dysfunction, and headaches. Compared to SSRIs, certain side effects such as nausea and dry mouth may be more pronounced with SNRIs. Additionally, withdrawal symptoms from discontinuing use of SNRIs can be more severe.

Common types of SNRIs include:

– Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
– Venlafaxine (Effexor XR)
– Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)

**3. Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)**

Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were historically one of the first classes of medications prescribed for anxiety treatment. However, they are no longer routinely used due to their high side effects and risk of drug interactions. TCAs act on different neurotransmitter pathways, including blocking the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine to regulate mood and stress response.

Side effects of TCAs can include weight gain, dry mouth, sedation, urinary hesitancy or retention, arrhythmias, and a risk of overdose. It is crucial to take TCAs exactly as prescribed to minimize these risks.

Some types of tricyclic antidepressants are:

– Clomipramine (Anafranil)
– Imipramine (Tofranil)
– Desipramine (Norpramin)
– Nortriptyline (Pamelor)

**4. Benzodiazepines**

Benzodiazepines are a class of anxiety medications intended for short-term use to immediately alleviate symptoms. They work by increasing activity at the receptors for the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which inhibits neuron activity and slows down the brain and nervous system.

These medications have a high potential for misuse and dependence, making them generally unsuitable for individuals with a history of substance use. Tolerance to benzodiazepines may develop, requiring higher dosages for the same effect. Common side effects include respiratory depression or arrest, drowsiness, confusion, headache, syncope, nausea or vomiting, diarrhea, and tremors.

While benzodiazepines can be life-saving in emergency situations, they are not recommended as the sole treatment for anxiety.

Examples of benzodiazepines include:

– Diazepam (Valium)
– Lorazepam (Ativan)
– Alprazolam (Xanax)
– Clonazepam (Klonopin)